EU Sanctions

Misappropriation of state funds of Tunisia

On 31 January 2011, the Council of the EU reaffirmed its full solidarity and support with Tunisia and its people in their efforts to establish a stable democracy, the rule of law, democratic pluralism and full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It also decided to adopt restrictive measures against persons responsible for misappropriation of Tunisian State funds and who are thus depriving the Tunisian people of the benefits of the sustainable development of their economy and society and undermining the development of democracy in the country. The aim of the measures is to recover the assets misappropriated from Tunisia. Adopted by: EU.

Misappropriation of state funds of Ukraine

On 20 February 2014, the Council of the EU condemned in the strongest terms all use of violence in Ukraine and called for an immediate end to the violence, and full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The Council also called upon the Ukrainian Government to exercise maximum restraint and opposition leaders to distance themselves from those who resort to radical action, including violence. On 3 March 2014, the Council agreed to focus restrictive measures on the freezing and recovery of assets of persons identified as responsible for the misappropriation of Ukrainian State funds and persons responsible for human rights violations, with a view to consolidating and supporting the rule of law and respect for human rights in Ukraine. Adopted by: EU.

Prohibiting the satisfying of certain claims by the Haitian authorities

This regime is limited to a prohibition to satisfy claims by the authorities of Haiti with regard to contracts and transactions whose performance is affected by the measures taken in accordance with UN Security Council Resolutions 917(1994), 841 (1993), 873 (1993) and 875 (1993). Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Prohibiting the satisfying of certain claims in relation to transactions that have been prohibited by the UN Security Council Resolution 883 (1993) and related resolutions

On 31 March 1992, the UN Security Council decided on a selective embargo on trade with Libya. On 14 April 1992, the Council introduced legislation for the prevention of the supply of certain goods and services to Libya. As a consequence of the embargo against Libya, the Council of the EU saw the risk of the economic operators in the Union to be exposed to the risk of claims by Libya. On 29 November 1993, the Council of the EU introduced legislation in view of the need to protect operators permanently against such claims and to prevent Libya from obtaining compensation for the negative effects of the embargo. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures against Syria

On 27 May 2013, the Council of the EU adopted conclusions in which it condemned the violence and the continued widespread and systematic gross violations of human rights in Syria, the massacres committed by the Syrian armed forces and its militias, all instances of hostage taking of peacekeepers, and the atrocities committed by the Syrian regime. It expressed concern for military operations conducted by the regime and its supporters, as well as the rise of religiously or ethnically motivated violence. In view of the seriousness of the situation, on 31 May 2013, the Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures against Syria in numerous fields. In view of the illegally removed goods belonging to the Syria´s cultural heritage, additional measures were introduced on 13 December 2013. On 12 December 2014, the Council of the EU further imposed a prohibition on export of items that were used by the Assad regime's air force which undertakes indiscriminate air attacks against the civilian population. Since 2014, in view of the deteriorating situation in Syria, and the widespread and systematic violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, including the use of chemical weapons against the civilian population, the Council of the EU has repeatedly added names to the lists of persons and entities who are subject to restrictive measures. The listed persons and entities are mainly those who share responsibility for the Syrian regime's violent repression against the civilian population; provide support to the Syrian regime and the Syrian army; provide benefit from the Syrian regime; assist in the production and development of chemical weapons for the Syrian regime; organize chemical weapons attacks; are senior officers of the Syrian Armed Forces and the Syrian security and intelligence services; and are members of Syrian regime-affiliated militias. On 3 April 2017, the Council of the EU stated in its EU strategy on Syria that the EU would continue to consider further restrictive measures targeting Syrian individuals and entities supporting the regime as long as the repression continues. The restrictive measures contain derogations and exemptions, for instance for the delivery of humanitarian aid. In response to the political transition in Syria, the Council of the EU decided to suspend a number of restrictive measures in key areas of energy, transport and finance on 24 February 2025. This decision is part of the EU’s efforts to support an inclusive political transition in Syria, and its swift economic recovery, reconstruction, and stabilisation. The Council is closely monitoring the situation and will assess whether further economic sanctions could be suspended and whether the suspensions remain appropriate. Listings related to the Al-Assad regime, the chemical weapons sector and illicit drug trade as well as a number of sectoral measures, such as on arms trade, dual-use goods, equipment for internal repression, software for interception and surveillance, and the import/export of Syrian cultural heritage goods remain in place. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures against cyber-attacks threatening the Union or its Member States

Through the adoption of the “Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox” on 19 June 2017, the Council stressed the growing need to protect the integrity and security of the EU, its Member States and their citizens against cyber threats and malicious cyber activities. At the European Council on 18 October 2018, Member States called for the introduction of a new EU sanctions regime to build up the EU and its Member States’ capacity to respond to and to deter cyber-attacks. The Council established the new sanctions regime on 17 May 2019, introducing targeted restrictive measures against cyber-attacks threatening the Union or its Member States. The measures consist of asset freeze and travel ban of persons and/or entities responsible for cyber-attacks or attempted cyber-attacks, as well as those involved in or offering financial, technical or material support for these attacks and those who assist, encourage, facilitate or are associated with them. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures against serious human rights violations and abuses

On 9 December 2019, the Council welcomed the launch by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of preparatory work to establish a horizontal EU sanctions regime against serious human rights violations and abuses. On 17 November 2020, the Council approved conclusions on the EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020-2024, which set out the EU’s level of ambition and priorities in this field in its relations with all third countries. On 7 December 2020, the Council adopted the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime. The regime enables the EU to target individuals, entities and bodies – including state and non-state actors – responsible for, involved in or associated with serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide, no matter where they occurred. It applies to acts such as genocide, crimes against humanity and other serious human rights violations or abuses. Other human rights violations or abuses can also fall under the scope of this sanctions regime, if they are widespread, systematic or otherwise of serious concern as regards the objectives of the EU common foreign and security policy. The restrictive measures consist of travel bans applying to individuals, and freezing of funds applying to both individuals and entities. In addition, EU persons and entities will be prohibited from making funds available to those listed, either directly or indirectly. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. The regime itself currently applies until 8 December 2026 and the listings until 8 December 2025. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures against the proliferation and use of chemical weapons

At the European Council on 28 June 2018, Member States called for the prompt adoption of a new EU regime of restrictive measures to address the use and proliferation of chemical weapons. This is part of EU's support to the Decision of the Conference of the State Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (CWC) of 27 June 2018 on addressing the threat from chemical weapons use. On 15 October 2018, the Council adopted restrictive measures against the proliferation and use of chemical weapons. These measures are in line with UN Security Council Resolutions 1540 (2004), 2118 (2013), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015) and 2325 (2016). The measures include asset freeze and travel ban of persons and/or entities directly responsible for the development and use of chemical weapons as well as those who provide financial, technical or material support, and those who assist, encourage or are associated with them. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures against those who support, facilitate or enable violent actions by Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad

Following the 7 October 2023 attacks, the EU reiterated in its conclusions of 26 and 27 October 2023 its condemnation of Hamas for its terrorist attacks across Israel. In view of the gravity of the recent attacks against Israel and the need to counter acts that threaten international peace and security, the Council decided on 19 January 2024 to establish a dedicated framework of restrictive measures against those who support, facilitate or enable violent actions by Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ). The restrictive measures consist of an asset freeze and a prohibition to make funds and economic resources available for the listed individuals and entities, as well as a travel ban for the individuals. Under the regime, the EU may, inter alia, target those who support, materially or financially, Hamas or the PIJ, as well as those who participate in the planning, preparation or enabling of violent actions by Hamas or the PIJ. The measures aim at preventing such violent actions by Hamas and the PIJ in the future. This regime also complements the restrictive measures previously adopted against Hamas and the PIJ under the general EU terrorism regime. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures concerning an arms embargo in view of the situation in Zimbabwe

Restrictive measures were first introduced on 18 February 2002 in relation to the situation in Zimbabwe, in particular the escalation of violence and intimidation of political opponents and the harassment of the independent press. The Council of the EU expressed serious concern about legislation in Zimbabwe which seriously infringed on the right to freedom of speech, assembly and association and the legislation to regulate the media. The Government of Zimbabwe continued to engage in serious violations of human rights and of the freedom of opinion, of association and of peaceful assembly. Thus the Council of the EU imposed embargo on all arms and military equipment on the EU military list as well as other equipment which might be used for internal repression, travel restrictions and asset freeze. In 2008, the Council of the EU strengthened the restrictive measures in relation to the violence organised and committed by the Zimbabwean authorities during the presidential election campaign in 2008, which turned the election into a denial of democracy. On 23 July 2012 and 18 February 2013, the Council of the EU concluded that a peaceful and credible constitutional referendum in Zimbabwe would represent an important milestone in the preparation of democratic elections justifying an immediate suspension of the majority of all remaining Union targeted restrictive measures against individuals and entities. In view of the outcome of the Zimbabwean constitutional referendum of 16 March 2013, the Council of the EU decided to suspend the travel ban and asset freeze applying to the majority of the individuals and entities on the list. Over the years, the Council subsequently renewed and adjusted the restrictive measures. On 7 February 2026, the Council decided that in view of the situation in Zimbabwe, the restrictive measures should be limited to an arms embargo on all arms and military equipment on the EU military list as well as other equipment which might be used for internal repression and decided to remove the provisions related to the travel ban and asset freeze. The Council also decided that the title of that Decision should be amended to reflect the fact that the framework includes only an arms embargo. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures imposed with respect to the Taliban

The measures were initially imposed on 15 October 1999. On 17 June 2011, the United Nations' Security Council adopted resolutions 1988 (2011) and 1989 (2011) and decided that the list of individuals and entities subject to restrictive measures originally imposed by resolution 1267 (1999) would be split in two. The original resolution 1267 (1999) concerns Afganistan and the Taliban. Now the resolution is concerning ISIL (Da'esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities. The measures imposed with respect to the Taliban are described under this restrictive measures regime. The measures imposed on ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida are described under the thematic restrictive measures section. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN.

Restrictive measures in relation to serious human rights violations in Iran

The restrictive measures in relation to serious human rights violations in Iran were first put in place on 12 April 2011. Travel restrictions and an asset freeze were introduced with respect to persons complicit in or responsible for directing or implementing grave human rights violations in the repression of peaceful demonstrators, journalists, human rights defenders, students or other persons who speak up in defense of their legitimate rights. The measures can also be imposed against those who are complicit in or responsible for directing or implementing grave violations of the right to due process, torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, or the indiscriminate, excessive and increasing application of the death penalty, including public executions, stoning, hangings or executions of juvenile offenders in contravention of Iran’s international human rights obligations. On 23 March 2012, in view of the gravity of the human rights situation in Iran, additional restrictive measures were introduced, namely an embargo on equipment which may be used for internal repression and on equipment that may be used to monitor or intercept the Internet and telephone communications on mobile or fixed networks. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in relation to the 14 February 2005 terrorist bombing in Beirut, Lebanon

The terrorist bombing in Beirut, Lebanon on 14 February 2005 killed 23 people, including the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, and caused injury to dozens of people. On 31 October 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1636 (2005), where it noted with extreme concern that there is converging evidence pointing at the involvement of both Lebanese and Syrian officials in the terrorist act. To assist in the investigation of the crime, the Security Council decided to impose measures against all individuals suspected of being involved in the planning, sponsoring, organizing or perpetrating the terrorist act. This restrictive measures regime applies also in relation to Syria. Adopted by: UN. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in relation to the 14 February 2005 terrorist bombing in Beirut, Lebanon

On 31 October 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1636 (2005) concerning the 2005 terrorist bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 23 people, including former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, and caused injury to dozens of people. The Security Council noted with extreme concern that there is converging evidence pointing at the involvement of both Lebanese and Syrian officials in the terrorist act. To assist in the investigation of the crime, the Security Council decided to impose measures against all individuals suspected of involvement in the planning, sponsoring, organizing or perpetrating of the terrorist act. This restrictive measures regime applies also in relation to Lebanon. Adopted by: UN. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in relation to the UN Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006) on Lebanon

On 7 August 2006, the Government of Lebanon decided to deploy the Lebanese armed forces in South Lebanon and to request the assistance of additional forces for the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) as needed, to facilitate the entry of the Lebanese armed forces into the region. On 11 August 2006, with a view to enabling the Government of Lebanon to exercise its full sovereignty over all Lebanese territory, so that there will be no weapons without the consent of the Government of Lebanon and no authority other than that of the Government of Lebanon, the UN Security Council adopted an embargo on all arms transfers to Lebanon not authorized by the Government of Lebanon or the UN Interim Force in Lebanon. Adopted by: UN. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in relation to the campaign against Latinscript schools in the Transnistrian region

In view of the Transnistrian conflict in Moldova, on 27 February 2003 the Council of the EU first decided to implement targeted restrictive measures in the form of travel restrictions aimed at those members of the Transnistrian leadership considered to be responsible for the lack of cooperation to promote a political settlement of the conflict. A year later, on 23 February 2004, the Council noted that although negotiations on constitutional changes had started, there had been no substantial progress in the situation regarding the Transnistrian conflict. On 26 August 2004, the Council extended the travel restrictions on a second group of persons: those who are responsible for the design and implementation of the intimidation and closure campaign against Latin-script Moldovan schools in the Transnistrian region of Moldova. On 27 September 2010, in order to encourage progress in reaching a political settlement to the Transnistrian conflict and in view of the progress in restoring the free movement of persons across the administrative boundary of the Transnistrian region, all restrictive measures were suspended. On 27 September 2012, the restrictive measures against the former political leadership were lifted. At the same time, the restrictive measures in relation to the persons responsible for the campaign of intimidation and closure against Latin-script Moldovan schools were extended, but all the individuals under the Latin-school problem were de-listed. Hence, currently the restrictive measures do not target specific persons. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in relation to the non-proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction

The ongoing nuclear and ballistic missile-related activities of the DPRK represent a serious threat to international peace and security. These activities undermine the global non-proliferation and disarmament regime of which the EU has been a steadfast supporter for decades. In this context, the EU has implemented the restrictive measures imposed by Resolutions of the UN Security Council and has complemented them through its own autonomous measures. These measures target the DPRK's weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile-related programmes. The first set of restrictive measures were introduced with the UN Security Council Resolution 1718 (2006), adopted shortly after DPRK´s first nuclear test on 9 October 2006. The UN Security Council has repeatedly adopted new measures and expanded existing ones, most recently on 3 September 2017. On 27 May 2016, for the first time, the Council of the EU adopted additional autonomous restrictive measures in relation to the DPRK on the grounds that its actions constitute a grave threat to international peace and security in the region and beyond. On 6 April and most recently on 16 October, the Council again introduced additional restrictive measures to further increase pressure on the DPRK to comply with its international obligations. The EU is determined to combat proliferation and committed to the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula, including through the consideration of new restrictive measures. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in relation to the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction

Since 2006, the UN Security Council adopted several resolutions requiring Iran to stop its nuclear proliferation activities. These resolutions were accompanied by restrictive measures (sanctions), which the EU also transposed. In addition, the EU reinforced the UN measures with various economic and financial sanctions. On 14 July 2015 Iran and the ‘'E3/EU3’ agreed on a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) (see guidelines for a link to the JCPoA Information Note for more information). Following the JCPoA, on Implementation Day (16 January 2016), the EU lifted all its nuclear-related economic and financial sanctions concerning Iran. Consequently, the following activities, including associated services, are again allowed as of Implementation Day: financial, banking and insurance measures; trade in the oil, gas and petrochemical sectors; activity in the shipping, shipbuilding and transport sectors. Moreover, several persons, entities and bodies were delisted and are therefore no longer subject to asset freezes, prohibitions to make funds available and visa bans. The JCPoA foresaw that in case 8 years after adoption day Iran had fulfilled its commitments, the EU would lift its sanctions. However, on Transition Day , (18 October 2023), considering Iran’s non-compliance with its JCPoA commitments, the Council decided to maintain the EU autonomous measures under the regime as well as maintain on the sanctions list the individuals and entities initially designated by the UN for involvement in nuclear or ballistic missiles activities or affiliated to the Islamic Revolutionary guard Corps (IRGC). Thus, a number of measures and restrictions remain in place even after Transition Day. These concern inter alia the arms embargo, restrictive measures related to missile technology, restrictions on certain nuclear-related transfers and activities, and provisions concerning certain metals and software which are subject to an authorisation regime. On 29 September 2025, following the UN Security Council’s decision not to extend the lifting of sanctions on Iran, the Council has decided to reinstate several restrictive measures against Iran, reversing the suspensions implemented under the JCPoA. The reinstated measures include UN sanctions from 2006, integrated into EU law, and additional EU autonomous measures. In addition, the sanctions imposed by the EU in view of the human rights situation in Iran, support for terrorism and other grounds (e.g. the war in Syria, the Iran “drones” regime) are not part of the JCPoA and remain in place to this day. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine

On 17 March 2014 the EU Council imposed an asset freeze and travel restrictions on those responsible for actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine. The decision was made after the Heads of State or Government of the European Union's Member States on 6 March 2014 strongly condemned the unprovoked violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity by the Russian Federation and called on the Russian Federation to immediately withdraw its armed forces to the areas of their permanent stationing. They called on the Russian Federation to enable immediate access for international monitors. The Heads of State or Government considered that the decision by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to hold a referendum on the future status of the territory is contrary to the Ukrainian Constitution and therefore illegal. Over time, the list of persons and entities subject to restrictive measures has been expanded by the EU Council. On 22 February 2022, the EU strongly condemned the decision of the President of the Russian Federation on 21 February 2022 to recognize the non-government controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine as independent entities and the ensuing decision to send Russian troops into these areas. The EU considers that this as an illegal act further undermining Ukraine’s sovereignty and independence and is a severe breach of international law and international agreements. In view of the situation, on 23 February 2022, the Council of the EU expanded the list of persons and entities subject to the restrictive measures consisting of asset freezes and travel restrictions. On 24 February 2022, the President of the Russian Federation announced a military operation in Ukraine and Russian armed forces began an attack on Ukraine. The EU strongly condemned the unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by armed forces of the Russian Federation and the involvement of Belarus in this aggression against Ukraine. In view of the gravity of the situation, on 25 February 2022, the Council broadened the listing criteria to cover persons and entities supporting and benefiting from the Government of the Russian Federation as well as persons and entities providing a substantial source of revenue to it. The Council has since expanded the list of persons and entities subject to restrictive measures. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in response to the illegal annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol

On 6 March 2014, the Heads of State or Government of the EU countries strongly condemned the unprovoked violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity by Russia. At its meeting on 20-21 March 2014, the European Council strongly condemned the illegal annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation and emphasised that it will not recognise it. The European Council considered that certain economic, trade and financial restrictions regarding Crimea should be proposed for rapid implementation. On 27 March 2014, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 68/262 on the territorial integrity of Ukraine, affirming its commitment to the sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders, underscoring the invalidity of the referendum held in Crimea on 16 March, and calling upon all States not to recognise any alterations to the status of Crimea. On 23 June 2014, the Council of the EU considered that the import into the EU of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol should be prohibited, with the exception of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol having been granted a certificate of origin by the Government of Ukraine. On 30 July 2014, the Council of the EU adopted additional measures restricting trade with and investment in Crimea. On 18 December 2014, the Council further restricted investment in Crimea. In addition, trade in goods and technology for use in certain sectors in Crimea were restricted. Services in the sectors of transport, telecommunications, energy or the prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources, as well as services related to tourism activities in Crimea including in the maritime sector were also prohibited. On 19 March 2015, the European Council concluded that it does not recognise and continues to condemn the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia and will remain committed to fully implement its non-recognition policy. The restrictive measures were most recently renewed on 17 June 2024, and will expire on 23 June 2025. This restrictive measures regime is part of a wider EU non-recognition policy of the illegal annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in response to the illegal recognition, occupation or annexation by the Russian Federation of certain non-government controlled areas of Ukraine

On 22 February 2022, the EU strongly condemned the decision of the President of the Russian Federation on 21 February 2022 to recognize the non-government controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine as independent entities and the ensuing decision to send Russian troops into these areas. The EU considers that this as an illegal act further undermining Ukraine’s sovereignty and independence and is a severe breach of international law and international agreements. In view of the situation, on 23 February 2022, the Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures, which prohibit the import into the EU of goods originating in the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine with the exception of goods having been granted a certificate of origin by the Government of Ukraine. In addition, the measures restrict trade in good and technology for use in certain sectors and prohibit services in the sectors of transport, telecommunications, energy or the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources, as well as services related to tourism activities in the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine. On 21 September 2022, the Russian Federation decided to further escalate its aggression against Ukraine by supporting the organisation of illegal 'referenda' in the parts of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions. By organising those illegal sham ‘referenda’, Russia aimed to change by force the internationally recognised borders of Ukraine, which constitutes a clear and serious breach of the Charter of the United Nations. In view of the grave circumstances, on 6 October 2022, the Council extended the geographical scope of the regime to cover all the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of Iran’s military support to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and to armed groups and entities in the Middle East and the Red Sea region

In several of its Conclusions in 2022 and 2023, the EU has strongly condemned any type of military support by Iran, including deliveries of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to Russia's illegal, unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine. In view of Iran's continued military support to Russia's war of aggression, on 20 July 2023, the Council established a new framework of targeted sanctions banning the export of components used in the manufacturing of UAVs. The measures also consist of a travel ban to the EU and an asset freeze for persons and entities responsible for, or involved in, Iran's UAV programme. Additionally, EU persons and entities are forbidden from making funds available to those listed. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine (sectoral restrictive measures)

Since March 2014, the EU has progressively imposed restrictive measures (sanctions) against Russia targeting specific economic sectors in response to the illegal annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol and the deliberate destabilisation of Ukraine. The restrictive measures were expanded following Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022 with the aim of weakening Russia’s economic base, depriving it of critical technologies and markets and significantly curtailing its ability to wage war. The first packages adopted by the EU included measures such as banning the export of dual-use and defence-related goods, blocking public financing for trade or investment with Russia, restricting oil refining-related exports, imposing aviation sector restrictions, and prohibiting various financial interactions and transactions with Russia. Additionally, they involved banning Russia from the SWIFT system, prohibiting the transmission and distribution of certain Russian State-owned information outlets, and limiting the export of maritime navigation goods and radio communication technology. In March and April 2022 further measures were introduced, including a full prohibition on transactions with certain Russian State-owned enterprises and four key Russian banks, a ban on imports of iron and steel products, export of luxury goods, a coal ban, a port access ban and a ban on any Russian and Belarusian road transport of sanctioned goods. In June and July 2022, in response to Russia’s ongoing military efforts, the Council imposed oil import restrictions, oil transport services restrictions, including transport to third countries, additional financial and business services and export measures, a broadcasting suspension, and a ban on the import of Russian gold. In order to curb Russia’s revenues to finance its war of aggression and to deprive its military and industrial complex of key components, the Council continued to expand the measures in 2022, including with new export and import restrictions and additional bans for Russian banks and media outlets. On 3 December 2022, the Council set an oil price cap for crude oil, petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals from Russia. Following this, on 4 February 2023, the Council set two price caps for petroleum products from Russia. During 2023 the Council imposed further trade, transport and energy measures, such as additional export restrictions on sensitive dual-use goods and advanced technologies and measures to facilitate divestment from Russia by EU operators. The Council also adopted several measures to tackle the circumvention of sanctions. On 18 December 2023, the Council imposed a new import ban on Russian diamonds and on raw materials for steel production, processed aluminium products and other metal goods. Moreover, it introduced stricter energy measures and stronger anti-circumvention measures, including an obligation for operators to contractually prohibit the re-export of certain sensitive goods to Russia. The package of measures adopted on 23 February 2024 enhanced the EU’s actions to stop Russia from acquiring Western sensitive technologies for Russian military. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. The latest package was adopted on October 23, 2025, and introduced new restrictions in the areas of trade, finance, energy, and other sectors. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of Russia's destabilising activities

In several of its Conclusions in 2022 and 2023 the Council strongly condemned Russian hybrid attacks threatening democracy, the rule of law, stability or security in the Union, its Member States and its partners, in the context of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. In view of Russia’s continued hybrid campaign operations on European soil intended to harm, weaken and divide the Member States and its neighbourhood, on 8 October 2024, the Council established a new framework of targeted sanctions against Russia-driven persons and entities engaged in destabilising activities. the new sanctions framework covers activities such as, sabotage, foreign information manipulation, electoral interference, disinformation, malicious cyber activities and the instrumentalization of migrants by third countries. These restrictive measures consist of a travel ban to the EU for designated individuals and an asset freeze applying to both designated individuals and entities. Additionally, EU persons and entities are prohibited from making funds and economic resources available to those listed, either directly or indirectly. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of Türkiye’s unauthorised drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean

On 14 October 2019, EU Member States reaffirmed their full solidarity with the Republic of Cyprus and agreed that a new framework of restrictive measures targeting natural and legal persons responsible for or involved in the unauthorised drilling activity of hydrocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean should be put in place. The Council established a new restrictive measures framework on 11 November 2019. This framework enables the EU to impose targeted restrictive measures, including asset freezes and travel bans against natural persons or entities responsible for, involved in or assisting drilling activities, which have not been authorised by the Republic of Cyprus, within its territorial sea or in its exclusive economic zone or on its continental shelf. This includes, in cases where the exclusive economic zone or continental shelf has not been delimited in accordance with international law with a State having an opposite coast, activities which may jeopardize or hamper the reaching of a delimitation agreement. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of actions destabilising the Republic of Moldova

In its conclusions of 23 March 2023, the European Council pledged to continue to provide all relevant support to the Republic of Moldova, including to strengthen the country’s resilience, security, stability, economy and energy supply in the face of destabilising activities by external actors. A threat to democracy and the rule of law, stability and security of the Republic of Moldova is posed by persons who obstruct or undermine the holding of elections and attempt to overthrow the constitutional order, including through acts of violence. The efforts to destabilise the Republic of Moldova increased in particular since the beginning of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. On 24 April 2023, the Council reached a broad agreement on a new framework for targeted restrictive measures against persons responsible for, supporting or implementing actions or policies which undermine or threaten the sovereignty and independence of the Republic of Moldova, and democracy, the rule of law, stability or security in the Republic of Moldova, and persons, entities or bodies associated with them. The measures consist of a travel ban to the EU and an asset freeze for persons and entities; additionally, EU persons and entities are forbidden from making funds available to those listed. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of activities undermining the stability and the political transition of Sudan

On 5 July 2023, the EU strongly condemned the ongoing fighting in Sudan, as well as the continued refusal of the parties to the conflict to seek a peaceful solution. The EU expressed its readiness to consider the use of all means at its disposal, including restrictive measures, to contribute to putting an end to the conflict and encourage peace. In view of the continued gravity of the situation, on 9 October 2023, the Council adopted a new EU autonomous framework for targeted restrictive measures in view of activities undermining the stability of Sudan and the transition to democracy. The measures consist of a travel ban to the EU and an asset freeze for persons and entities; additionally, EU persons and entities are forbidden from making funds available to those listed. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Belarus and the involvement of Belarus in the Russian aggression against Ukraine

The EU has imposed several successive rounds of individual and sectoral sanctions, against those responsible for internal repression and human rights abuses in Belarus, and in the context of Belarus’ involvement in Russia’s war against Ukraine. The Council of the EU first adopted targeted restrictive measures against specific Belarusian officials on 24 September 2004, who were reported to be key actors in the unresolved disappearances of two opposition politicians. Additional listings were introduced following the 2006 and 2011 presidential elections. However, most of the measures were suspended by the Council in 2015 and later lifted, after Belarus released all of the political prisoners and in the context of improving EU-Belarus relations. In light of the fraudulent presidential elections that took place in August 2020 and the brutal crackdown by Belarusian security forces on the peaceful protesters, democratic opposition and journalists, the EU introduced several packages of listings, targeting both natural and legal persons. Following the unlawful forced landing of a Ryanair flight in Minsk in May 2021, the Council subsequently prohibited any aircraft operated by Belarusian air carriers to take off from, land in or overfly the territory of the Union, as well as imposed further targeted economic sanctions including various trade and financial restrictions. In view of the situation at the EU border with Belarus and in order to respond to the instrumentalization of human beings carried out by the Belarus regime for political purposes, the Council broadened the listing criteria on 15 November 2021. In view of the Russian unprovoked invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the involvement of Belarus in this aggression against Ukraine, since March 2022, the Council has adopted further sanctions. These include restrictions related to the trade of potassium chloride ('potash'), wood and cement products as well as iron and steel products . It is also prohibited to export to Belarus dual-use goods and technology, firearms and goods and technology in the aviation, space and defence industry. The Council has also imposed a ban on any Belarusian road transport operators. Furthermore, financial measures imposed by the Council include restrictions on access to Union capital markets in relation to the Belarusian Government as well as Belarusian state-owned financial institutions and entities, a SWIFT ban for four Belarusian banks, putting limits on financial inflows from Belarus to the EU; a prohibition on providing insurance and reinsurance to the Belarusian Government and Belarusian public bodies and agencies, as well as certain prohibitions on the European Investment Bank in relation to projects in the public sector. The close integration of the Russian and Belarusian economies has substantially facilitated the circumvention of existing sanctions. The EU therefore adopted a new set of sanctions against Belarus in June 2024, mirroring several of the measures already imposed on Russia to make EU sanctions more effective. The amendment notably extends the export ban on dual-use and advanced goods and technologies, includes further export and import restrictions, prohibition on provision on services and broadening of the road transport restrictions for Belarusian trailers or semi-trailers. The new package also introduce anti-circumvention measures, such as due diligence mechanisms and the so-called 'no re-export to Belarus clause'. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

On 21 March 2011 the EU adopted a framework that would enable to impose restrictive measures against certain natural and legal persons whose activities undermine the sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order and international personality of Bosnia and Herzegovina, seriously threaten the security situation there or undermine the Dayton/Paris General Framework Agreement for Peace and the Annexes thereto. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Burundi

On 1 October 2015, the EU imposed targeted restrictive measure against those undermining democracy or obstructing the search for a political solution in Burundi as well as those involved in planning, directing, or committing acts that violate international human rights law or international humanitarian law in Burundi. Since the beginning of the crisis in Burundi, the EU has been of the view that only through dialogue leading to consensus, in compliance with the Arusha Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation of 2000 and the Burundian Constitution, could a lasting political solution be found in the interests of security and democracy for all Burundi's people. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Guatemala

In view of the persistent attempts to nullify the democratic results of the general and presidential elections in Guatemala, which resulted in a clear victory of President-elect Bernardo Arévalo, as attested by the EU Election Observation Mission (EOM) to Guatemala, the Council adopted an autonomous framework for restrictive measures in view of the situation in Guatemala on 12 January 2024. The restrictive measures consist of an asset freeze and prohibition to make funds available for individuals and entities, as well as a travel ban for individuals. The measures target those responsible for actions that undermine democracy, the rule of law and a peaceful transfer of power in Guatemala, including through persecution or intimidation of public officials, democratically-elected authorities, civil society, media and judicial operators among others, as well as through financial misconduct concerning public funds and the unauthorised export of capital. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Guinea

In response to the violent crackdown by security forces on political demonstrators in Conakry on 28 September 2009, targeted restrictive measures were first introduced on 27 October 2009. The measures included an arms embargo, an asset freeze and a travel ban against the members of the government. On 22 December 2009, the Council of the EU introduced additional restrictive measures in view of the seriousness of the situation in the Republic of Guinea, prohibiting the supply of equipment which might be used for internal repression. In view of the positive developments in the country, restrictions were eased on 14 April 2014 and the embargo on arms and on equipment which might be used for internal repression was lifted. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Guinea-Bissau

EU restrictive measures against Guinea-Bissau were introduced on 3 May 2012. Travel restrictions and an asset freeze were imposed targeting those who sought to prevent or block a peaceful political process or who took action that undermined stability in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, in particular those who played a leading role in the mutiny of 1 April 2010 and the coup d’état of 12 April 2012. The measures also target those who sought to undermine the rule of law, curtailing the primacy of civilian power and furthering impunity and instability in the country. On 18 May 2012, the UN Security Council adopted a Resolution 2048 (2012), which imposed a travel ban on persons seeking to prevent the restoration of the constitutional order or taking action that undermines stability in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. This restrictive measures regime includes both Council of the EU and UN Security Council designations. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN and EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Haiti

On 21 October 2022, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2653(2022) establishing a framework for targeted restrictive measures in view of the situation in Haiti. The measures consist of a targeted arms embargo, travel bans applying to persons, and the freezing of funds and economic resources of both persons and entities engaged in or supporting gangs involved in violence, criminal activities or human rights abuses, which undermine the peace, stability and security of Haiti and the region. In addition, EU persons and entities are prohibited from making funds and economic resources available to those listed. On 28 July 2023, the EU amended the regime to allow the EU to autonomously impose restrictive measures on individuals and entities responsible for threatening the peace, security or stability of Haiti, or for undermining democracy or the rule of law in Haiti. On 24 June 2024, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 2699 (2023), the EU replaced the targeted arms embargo on certain individuals and entities, which covered arms and related materiel, with an arms embargo related to small arms and light weapons, firearms and ammunition, applicable to the entire territory of Haiti. The provision of related technical assistance, financing, financial assistance, insurance and reinsurance is also prohibited. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Lebanon

On 7 December 2020, the Council adopted conclusions in which it noted with increasing concern that the grave financial, economic, social and political crisis that has taken root in Lebanon had continued to worsen over the previous months and that the Lebanese population was the first to suffer from the increasing difficulties in the country. Since then, the Council has repeatedly expressed grave concern about the deteriorating situation in Lebanon. Despite repeated calls on Lebanese political forces and stakeholders to act in the national interest and to no longer delay the formation of a fully empowered government capable of meeting the country’s urgent needs and implementing critical reforms, there has been no progress. Against this background, on 30 July the Council adopted targeted restrictive measures to address the situation in Lebanon. Those restrictive measures provides for the possibility of imposing sanctions against persons and entities who are responsible for undermining democracy or the rule of law in Lebanon. The measures consist of a travel ban to the EU and an asset freeze for persons, and an asset freeze for entities. In addition, EU persons and entities are forbidden from making funds available to those listed. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Libya

In view of the seriousness of the situation in Libya, on 26 February 2011 the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1970 (2011), introducing restrictive measures in relation to persons and entities involved in serious human rights abuses against persons in Libya. The Security Council has since adopted a number of other resolutions on Libya that have extended or amended the measures. On 28 February 2011, the Council of the EU implemented the first UN Resolution and imposed additional restrictive measures in view of the seriousness of the situation in Libya. In its 17 July 2017 conclusions on Libya, the Council expressed its readiness to repeal the restrictive measures if the conditions for their application are no longer met, as well as introduce new measures against individuals who threaten the peace, security or stability of the country, impede the completion of Libya's political transition and are responsible for serious human rights abuses. Following the adoption of UN Resolution 2441 (2018) of 5 November 2018, restrictive measures explicitly apply to persons planning, directing or committing acts involving sexual and gender-based violence. EU autonomous measures are reviewed at regular intervals. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Mali

On 5 September 2017, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2374 (2017) imposing travel restrictions and an asset freeze on those responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in actions and policies that threaten the peace, security, or stability of Mali. On 24 and 25 May 2021, the European Council adopted conclusions in which it strongly condemned the coup d'état which took place in Mali on 24 May 2021 with the detention of the President of the Transition of Mali and the Prime Minister, and stated that the EU was ready to consider targeted measures against political and military leaders who obstructed the Malian transition. On 13 December 2021, the Council of the EU established new criteria that allows the EU to autonomously impose targeted restrictive measures on individuals and entities responsible for threatening the peace, security or stability of Mali, or for obstructing the implementation of its political transition. The restrictive measures consist of a travel ban to the EU applying to individuals, and freezing of funds applying to both individuals and entities. In addition, EU persons and entities are prohibited from making funds available to those listed, either directly or in directly. Due to a veto cast by the Russian Federation, on 30 August 2023, the UN Security Council failed to renew the restrictive measures imposed through Resolution 2374 (2017) against individuals and entities obstructing implementation of the 2015 Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali. Consequently, on 4 January 2024 the Council started to adapt its legislation in view of the termination of the UN sanctions regime on Mali. On 22 April 2024, the Council finalised the process of transforming the restrictive measures in view of the situation in Mali by changing the framework to a fully autonomous EU sanctions regime. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Myanmar/Burma

In response to a lack of progress towards democratization and to human rights violations in Myanmar/Burma, on 28 October 1996, the EU reaffirmed the restrictive measures already in place, which included an arms embargo, and introduced additional ones, such as travel restrictions and the suspension of high-level bilateral governmental visits to Myanmar/Burma. Following positive developments and as a means of encouraging changes to continue, on 22 April 2013 the EU lifted all measures against Myanmar/Burma except the arms embargo and the restrictions on equipment which might be used for internal repression. However, reacting to the systematic human rights abuses perpetrated by Myanmar/Burma military and security forces, in particular in Kachin, Rakhine and Shan states, in the course of 2018 the Council of the EU adopted additional measures that included an extension of the embargo on arms and equipment which might be used for internal repression, as well as targeted restrictive measures against senior military officers of the Myanmar armed forces. Following the military coup on 1 February 2021, and the subsequent military and police repression against peaceful demonstrators, the EU has drastically increased restrictive measures. The Council has adopted eight rounds of measures, latest on 11 December 2023, targeting Myanmar’s military regime. The current measures related to human rights violations in Myanmar consist of an asset freeze and prohibition to make funds or economic resources available to designated individuals and entities as well as : travel bans for individuals. Other measures include an arms embargo, export bans on dual-use goods and internal repression and telecommunications equipment, a ban on providing technical assistance or financing military activities as well as a prohibition of military training and cooperation with the Myanmar armed forces (Tatmadaw). Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Nicaragua

At the European Council on 21 January 2019, EU Member States condemned the muzzling of political opponents, independent media and civil society, and the use of anti-terrorist laws to repress dissenting opinions in the Republic of Nicaragua. In view of the continuing violations of human rights and civil liberties in the Republic of Nicaragua and to contribute to a peaceful negotiated way out of the current crisis, the Council established a new restrictive measures framework on 14 October 2019. This framework enables the EU to impose targeted restrictive measures, including travel bans and assets freeze, against persons, entities or bodies responsible for serious human rights violations and for undermining democracy and the rule of law in the Republic of Nicaragua, as well as persons associated with them. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Niger

In view of the military coup d’état on 26 July 2023 and the subsequent imprisonment of the democratically elected President of Niger, Mohamed Bazoum, the Council adopted an autonomous framework for restrictive measures in view of the situation in Niger on 23 October 2023. The restrictive measures consist of an asset freeze and prohibition to make funds available for individuals and entities, as well as a travel ban for individuals. The measures target those responsible for actions that threaten the peace, stability and security of Niger, undermine the constitutional order, democracy, and the rule of law, or constitute serious human rights violations or abuses, or violations of applicable international humanitarian law in Niger, or those associated with them. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Russia

As part of the EU’s response to the accelerating and systematic repression in Russia as well as the continuing deterioration of the human rights situation in Russia, on 27 May 2024, the Council of the EU adopted a new framework for restrictive measures in view of the situation in Russia. This follows the untimely death of the opposition politician Alexei Navalny in February 2024 and the European Council conclusions of 22 March 2024, which called for an end to the persecution of the political opposition and for the establishment of a dedicated sanctions regime. The new framework allows to sanction those responsible for serious human rights violations or abuses, repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and undermining democracy and the rule of law in Russia. It also allows to target those who provide financial, technical, or material support for, or are otherwise involved in or associated with people and entities committing human rights violations in Russia. The measures consist of an asset freeze and a prohibition to make funds available for designated individuals and entities, as well as a travel ban for individuals. Furthermore, the new sanctions regime introduces trade restrictions on exporting equipment, which might be used for internal repression, as well as on equipment, technology or software intended primarily for use in information security and the monitoring or interception of telecommunication. Together with the establishment of the framework, the Council also adopted on 27 May 2024 the first designations under the sanctions regime. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Somalia

Measures imposed at UN level since UN Security Council Resolution 733 (1992) of 23 January 1992 and subsequent Resolutions are transposed into EU sanctions law. The measures include an arms embargo, which is partial and allows under certain conditions arms supplies for the development of Somalia's security and police institutions. In addition the measures include a ban on the direct or indirect import of charcoal from Somalia and a prohibition of the direct or indirect sale, supply or transfer to Somalia of listed items if there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the item(s) will be used, or a significant risk they may be used, in the manufacture in Somalia of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The measures also cover targeted individual sanctions on designated persons and entities (asset freeze and prohibition from making funds and economic resources available as well as travel restrictions). Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in South Sudan

The Council of the EU first adopted restrictive measures in relation to South Sudan on 10 July 2014, after the outbreak of a destructive conflict between the Government of South Sudan and opposition forces in December 2013. Alarmed by the seriousness of the situation, the Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures in relation to persons who obstruct the political process in South Sudan or are responsible for serious human rights violations. In view of the conflict, on 3 March 2015 the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2206 (2015). In order to support the search for an inclusive and sustainable peace in South Sudan, restrictive measures were imposed against those who threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Sudan

On 15 March 1994, the Council of the EU imposed restrictive measures in relation to Sudan. On 30 July 2004, in view of the humanitarian crisis and widespread human rights violations, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1556 (2004) imposing restrictive measures on Sudan. On 18 July 2011, the Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures in relation to Sudan and South Sudan, after it became independent. From 10 July 2014, the measures concerning South Sudan are regulated by a separate restrictive measures regime. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Venezuela

On 13 November 2017, the Council of the EU adopted restrictive measures in view of the existing crisis in Venezuela, caused by the deterioration of democracy and overruling the law and human rights. The restrictive measures aim at fostering a credible and meaningful process that can lead to a peacefully negotiated solution. Travel restrictions and an asset freeze can be imposed in relation to those responsible for serious human rights violations or abuses or the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and those whose actions, policies, or activities otherwise undermine democracy or the rule of law in Venezuela. In addition to that, considering the risk of further violence and excessive use of force, the restrictive measures adopted by the Council include an arms embargo as well as restrictions on equipment that might be used for internal repression and measures to prevent the misuse of communication equipment. The measures can be reversed depending on the evolution of the situation in the country, in particular the holding of credible and meaningful negotiations, the respect for democratic institutions, the adoption of a full electoral calendar, and the liberation of all political prisoners. In order to support efforts by Venezuela to maintain the electoral process and to expand the democratic space in the country, on 13 May 2024, the Council decided to extend the restrictive measures only until 10 January 2025 instead of the standard 12-month renewal. In addition, the Council decided to suspend the travel restrictions on four individuals. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in Yemen

On 26 February 2014, in view of the ongoing violence, terrorist activities and political, security, economic and humanitarian challenges in Yemen, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2140 (2014), where it reaffirmed its commitment to the unity, sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Yemen, and established travel restrictions and asset freezes to designated persons and entities. On 14 April 2015, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2216 (2015) which imposed an arms embargo in relation to persons who engaged in acts that threaten the peace, security or stability of Yemen. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in the Central African Republic

On 5 December 2013, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2127 (2013), which imposes an arms embargo against the Central African Republic (CAR). The EU implemented this decision on 23 December 2013. On 28 January 2014, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2134 (2014) imposing also targeted restrictive measures on persons or entities that undermine the peace, stability or security of the CAR, or that threaten or impede the political transition process, or that fuel violence. Derogations to the restrictive measures are possible as well as exemptions for humanitarian purposes. Adopted by: UN.

Restrictive measures in view of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

On 7 April 1993 the EU decided to impose an arms embargo on Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo, the DRC). On 28 July 2003, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1493 (2003) imposing an arms embargo against the DRC. On 18 April 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1596 (2005) imposing also targeted restrictive measures. On 21 December 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1649 (2005) extending restrictive measures to political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the DRC who impede the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups, and to political and military leaders of Congolese militias receiving support from outside the DRC and in particular those operating in Ituri, who impede the participation of their combatants in disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration processes. On 31 July 2006, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1698 (2006) extending restrictive measures to political and military leaders recruiting or using children in armed conflict in violation of applicable international law and to individuals committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction and forced displacement. On 17 October 2016, the EU expressed its deep concern at the political situation in the DRC. It strongly condemned the acts of extreme violence that took place on 19 and 20 September 2016 in Kinshasa, noting that those acts further exacerbated the deadlock in the country due to the failure to call the presidential elections by the constitutional deadline of 20 December 2016. The EU stressed that, in order to create a climate conducive to dialogue and the holding of elections, the Government of the DRC must clearly commit to ensuring that human rights and the rule of law are respected and must cease all use of the justice system as a political tool. It also called on all stakeholders to reject the use of violence. The EU adopted targeted measures against those responsible for serious human rights violations, those who promote violence and those who try to obstruct a consensual and peaceful solution to the crisis which respects the aspiration of the people of the DRC to elect their representatives. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Restrictive measures on Iraq

A financial and trade embargo was adopted by the UN Security Council in 1990 after the invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 by the military forces of Iraq (see Resolution 661 (1990)). Recognising and welcoming the efforts made by Iraq to form a government based on the rule of law that affords equal rights and justice to all Iraqi citizens, on 22 May 2003 the Security Council lifted all restrictive measures against Iraq, except for the arms embargo (see Resolution 1483 (2003)). Currently, only specific restrictions apply in the areas of trade in goods belonging to Iraq’s cultural heritage and an asset freeze specifically targeting former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, his immediate family, and senior officials of his regime. Adopted by: UN.

Restrictive measures with respect to ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida

The UN Security Council has introduced two separate restrictive measures regimes to combat terrorism. On 15 October 1999, restrictive measures were introduced in relation to the Taliban through UN Security Council Resolution 1267 (1999). On 16 January 2002, the measures were extended to cover the Al-Qaida organization and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them (see Resolution 1390 (2002)). In 2011, the UN Security Council decided to split the restrictive measures in relation to the Taliban and those in relation to Al-Qaida into separate regimes. Measures in relation to Al-Qaida were gathered in Resolution 1989 (2011). The measures in relation to the Taliban are described under the Afghanistan restrictive measures regime on the EU Sanctions Map. On 17 December 2015, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2253 (2015) expanding the scope of the measures to individuals, groups, undertakings or entities associated with the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (‘ISIL (Da'esh)’), responsible for ongoing and multiple criminal terrorist acts aimed at causing the deaths of innocent civilians and other victims, destruction of property and greatly undermining stability. As of 20 September 2016, the Council of the EU can apply restrictive measures autonomously to persons and entities associated with ISIL/Da'esh and Al-Qaida. Before that, the restrictive measures could be applied only to those listed by the UN Security Council. The current EU autonomous measures apply until 31 October 2025. Adopted by: UN and EU.

Specific measures to combat terrorism

On 28 September 2001, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1373(2001) that inter alia foresees terrorist assets freeze measures. On 27 December 2001, the EU Council adopted Common Position 2001/931/CFSP and Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, thus enabling the Council to designate persons and entities involved in terrorist activities. The designation entails an asset freeze and a prohibition from making funds and economic resources available. The designations are reviewed at regular intervals and at least every six months to ensure that there are sufficient grounds for keeping them on the list. Derogations and exemptions to the restrictive measures are possible, including for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Adopted by: EU.

Specific restrictive measures in relation to the events at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The restrictive measures of this restrictive measures regime are described in a political Declaration of European Council made in Madrid, 27 June 1989 in relation to the events at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: "“The European Council, recalling the declaration of the Twelve of 6 June, strongly condemns the brutal repression taking place in China. It expresses its dismay at the pursuit of executions in spite of all the appeals of the international community. It solemnly requests the Chinese authorities to stop the executions and to put an end to the repressive actions against those who legitimately claim their democratic rights. The European Council requests the Chinese authorities to respect human rights and to take into account the hopes for freedom and democracy deeply felt by the population. It underlines that this is an essential element for the pursuit of the policy of reforms and openness that has been supported by the European Community and its Member States. (…) In the present circumstances, the European Council thinks it necessary to adopt the following measures: - raising the issue of human rights in China in the appropriate international fora; asking for the admittance of independent observers to attend the trials and to visit the prisons; - interruption by the Member States of the Community of military cooperation and an embargo on trade in arms with China; - suspension of bilateral ministerial and high-level contacts; - postponement by the Community and its Member States of new cooperation projects; - reduction of programmes of cultural, scientific and technical cooperation to only those activities that might maintain a meaning in the present circumstances; - prolongation by the Member States of visas to the Chinese students who wish it. Taking into account the climate of uncertainty created in the economic field by the present policy of the Chinese authorities, the European Council advocates the postponement of the examination of new requests for credit insurance and the postponement of the examination of new credits of the World Bank.” Adopted by: EU. No persons or entities are currently designated under this regime.